Tong quan
Men gan cao la gi?
Men gan cao (elevated liver enzymes) xay ra khi nong do men gan trong mau vuot qua muc binh thuong. Tinh trang nay co the chi la tam thoi hoac la dau hieu cua mot benh ly tiem an, vi du nhu viem gan (hepatitis) hoac cac benh ve gan (liver disease). Mot so loai thuoc cung co the gay ra tinh trang men gan cao.
Men gan la gi?
Men gan la cac protein co vai tro xuc tac cac phan ung hoa hoc trong co the. Cac phan ung nay bao gom:
- San xuat dich mat.
- Tao ra cac chat giup mau dong.
- Phan huy thuc an va cac doc to.
- Chong lai nhiem trung.
Mot so men gan thuong gap bao gom:
- Alkaline phosphatase (ALP).
- Alanine transaminase (ALT).
- Aspartate transaminase (AST).
- Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT).
Khi gan bi ton thuong, no se giai phong cac men nay vao mau, pho bien nhat la ALT va AST.
Khi nao can kiem tra men gan?
Bac si co the chi dinh xet nghiem men gan trong cac truong hop:
- Kiem tra suc khoe dinh ky neu ban co nguy co mac benh gan.
- Co cac trieu chung nghi ngo ton thuong gan.
- Theo doi dieu tri cac benh ve gan.
Xet nghiem chuc nang gan (liver function test – LFT) la mot xet nghiem mau giup danh gia tinh trang hoat dong cua gan.
Nguyen nhan
Nguyen nhan gay men gan cao
Co nhieu nguyen nhan gay men gan cao, bao gom:
- Benh ly ve gan: Viem gan virus (A, B, C), viem gan do ruou, gan nhiem mo khong do ruou (NAFLD), xo gan (cirrhosis), ung thu gan.
- Cac benh ly khac: Benh coeliac, benh Wilson, benh he mien dich.
- Thuoc va cac chat: Mot so loai thuoc (acetaminophen, statin, khang sinh), thao duoc, thuc pham chuc nang, ruou.
- Nhiem trung: Viem gan virus, mononucleosis.
Mot so nguyen nhan it gap hon:
- Thieu mau cuc bo gan
- Viem da co (Dermatomyositis)
- Benh Wilson
- Benheliac
- Hoi chung Budd-Chiari
- Benh tu mien dich
Yeu to nguy co
Cac yeu to lam tang nguy co men gan cao:
- Uong nhieu ruou.
- Su dung mot so loai thuoc, thao duoc va thuc pham chuc nang.
- Mac benh tieu duong (diabetes).
- Tien su gia dinh co nguoi mac benh gan.
- Mac viem gan hoac tiep xuc voi nguoi bi viem gan.
- Thua can, beo phi.
Trieu chung
Da so nguoi bi men gan cao khong co trieu chung. Tuy nhien, neu ton thuong gan la nguyen nhan, ban co the gap cac trieu chung sau:
- Dau bung (abdominal pain).
- Nuoc tieu sam mau.
- Met moi (fatigue).
- Ngua.
- Vang da (jaundice).
- Phan nhat mau.
- Chan an.
- Buon non va non (nausea and vomiting).
Dieu tri
Dieu tri men gan cao
Khoang mot phan ba so nguoi bi men gan cao se co men gan tro lai binh thuong sau hai den bon tuan. Neu men gan van cao, bac si co the chi dinh them cac xet nghiem mau hoac xet nghiem hinh anh nhu sieu am (ultrasound), chup CT (CT scan) hoac MRI (MRI).
Dieu tri se phu thuoc vao nguyen nhan gay ra tinh trang men gan cao.
Phong ngua men gan cao
Mot so benh ly lam tang men gan khong the phong ngua duoc. Tuy nhien, co nhung bien phap ban co the thuc hien de giu cho gan khoe manh:
- Tranh uong ruou hoac uong co dieu do, tuy thuoc vao loi khuyen cua bac si.
- Khong dung chung kim tiem hoac cac vat dung bi nhiem mau.
- An mot che do an uong lanh manh.
- Tiem vac xin viem gan A va B.
- Kiem soat duong huyet (blood sugar) neu ban bi tieu duong.
- Noi voi bac si ve bat ky loai thuoc, thao duoc va thuc pham chuc nang nao ban dang dung.
- Giam can neu ban bi thua can hoac beo phi.
- Tap the duc thuong xuyen.
Luu y
Men gan cao co nhieu nguyen nhan, bao gom benh gan va thuoc. Men gan cao cung co the chi la tam thoi. Neu xet nghiem mau cua ban cho thay nong do men gan cao, hay noi chuyen voi bac si. Ho se tim ra nguyen nhan va co phuong phap dieu tri phu hop.
